Is Haiti a Good Example of Bad Construction

Essay about Remember the Titans Movie Review - 1011 Words

Remember the Titans Movie Review The arrival of African slaves, sold in the plantations of colonial America, definitely triggered a superior-inferior relationship and mentality between â€Å"the whites† and â€Å"the blacks†. This present-day culture, resulting from a society of masters and slaves, has struggled against central concepts deeply rooted in the nations past .With strong cultural values on racial discrimination, the path towards the concept of racism in America was a vital moment in the course of the nation’s history. Social concepts and attitudes could not be altered overnight, but it can be altered. Indeed, in the quest for social progress, the struggle for equality has gone a long way, with black Americans now holding high-ranking†¦show more content†¦In the film â€Å"Remember the Titans†, we see a cultural environment in 1971 refusing to accept the idea of racial equality (the main issue raised in the movie). The film displays the issue of racism and illustrates how one can overcome prejudice by uniting for a common cause or goal. During the course of this movie, there were many social behaviors at work that dealt with racism and discrimination. These obstacles didn’t stop the football team from socially overcoming those difficulties. In brief, this film is about two schools in Alexandria Virginia that integrated in the early 1970s to form T.C. Williams High School. The white head coach of the Titans (Coach Bill Yoast) is replaced by an African American coach from North Carolina (Coach Herman Boone). Tensions arise when players of different races are forced together on the same football team. Many of these tensions are eased during the two-week training camp in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. When players returned to Alexandria the players found the city in turmoil due to the forced desegregation of the high school. As the season progresses the teams success caused the community to accept the changes. After the Titans perfect season, the team and the city were closer than ever. There were many scenes in the film that were meaningful to the theme of racism. One important scene is at the Gettysburg battle location. Here, Coach Boone makes an impacting speech to the players on overcomingShow MoreRelatedMovie Review: Remember the Titans925 Words   |  4 PagesMovie Review: Remember the Titans In 1971, the black and white schools in Alexandria, Virginia were forced to integrate and became T.C. Williams High School. There were in the community. Above al that, the white football coach, Bill Yoast, was replaced by a black football coach, Herman Boone. There was uproar among the white players and their parents because their white head coach was being replaced. The players attended a training camp where white and black players do not mix. An exceptionRead MoreRemember The Titans : Movie Review971 Words   |  4 Pagesminutes after the movie started so the light jogging through the lobby was very necessary.   The sound of the sticky floor as we shuffled up the stairs to get to the â€Å"good seats† in the center of the stadium seating reminded me of the sound of packaging peanuts. All I could smell was concession food. The hot dogs and nachos filled the theatre as I hurried to take off my coat. I was ready to see my favorite actor, Denzel Washington grace the screen i n the movie, Remember the Titans. This movie was my firstRead MoreRemember The Titans By Gregory Allen Howard Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesRemember the Titans is a 2000 non-fiction set in the early 1970’s. This well-known film would feel familiar to anyone that has ever seen a racially divided group or team dealing with the dislike from the public. For example, the film Hoosiers and Miracle on Ice. Remember the Titans was about a renowned football team that was dealing with segregation. T.C. William High School’s board was forced to have blacks infiltrate an all-white school. The foundation of footballs great tradition was put to theRead MoreThe Titanic : The Wreck Of The Titan1380 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, the Titanic. Thesis: From the disaster to the movie, the sinking of the Titanic remains one of the most famous tragedies in history. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: An American writer named Morgan Robertson once wrote a book called The Wreck of the Titan. The book was about an â€Å"unsinkable† ship called the Titan that set sail from England to New York with many rich and famous passengers on board. On its journey, the Titan hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sunk. Many livesRead MoreThe Titanic : The Wreck Of The Titan1512 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, the Titanic. Thesis: From the disaster to the movie, the sinking of the Titanic remains one of the most famous tragedies in history. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: A writer named Morgan Robertson once wrote a book called The Wreck of the Titan. The book was all about an â€Å"unsinkable† ship called the Titan (titanic) which sailed from England to New York with many high profile passengers on board. On the journey, the Titan hits an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sunk. NumerousRead MoreThe Wreck Of The Titan1431 Words   |  6 PagesInformative Outline I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: An American writer named Morgan Robertson on one occasion wrote a book called The Wreck of the Titan. The book was about an â€Å"unsinkable† ship called the Titan that set sail from England to New York with many rich and famous passengers on board. On its expedition, the Titan hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sunk. Numerous lives were lost because there were not plenty lifeboats. The strange part about this is that the TitanicRead MoreBeowulf Movie Review2365 Words   |  10 PagesIn Partial Fulfillment of Requirements In English MOVIE REVIEW Of BEOWULF Merry Anjela M. Mendoza September 16, 2011 Ms. Maria Dolores Fiao-ag Introduction Beowulf is an epic from England. It is a story of a brave man who killed many monsters and died defending from a dragon. It is also a great story of adventure. From an old English poem, it became a 3D movie with the faces of real actors and actresses. Although there has a difference from the original poem, it still showed great and itRead MoreManagement Review : Remember The Titans1382 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Review of Remember the Titans 1) Describe the portrayed leader. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the leader? The movie plot surrounded the main character of Coach Boone, an African American football coach who transferred to a new school district that has just been desegregated. Coach Boone is a leader, not only as the head of a football team but an influence of positive change. He uses his legitimate power when first approaching his new team, then uses referent and reward powerRead MoreAmerican Sport Movies Dealing with Racism6989 Words   |  28 Pagescinema. For decades movie makers have successfully mined sports to produce some of the most inspiring, poignant, exciting and memorable American movies ever made. The genre of ‘Sport Movies’ established in the Fifties and the Sixties. At the very beginning it was hard to see it as an independent genre because there was a lot of mixture. There have been propaganda movies as well as comedies, dramas, gangster movies or even westerns combined with some sport scenes. So the movie industry defined threeRead MoreDenzel Washington2082 Words   |  9 PagesHe was the brother-in-law of actress Rita Pearson and the cousin of CBS anchorman Ukee Washington. Denzel married actress Pauletta Pearson Washington (61 years old) on June 25th 1983; He met her when he was filming his first onscreen role on the TV movie set named â€Å"Wilma†. One year after their wedding, they had their first child, John David Washington (born July 28th, 1984) – Attended Morehouse College and was drafted in 2006 by the NFL’s St. Louis Rams. They then began to start a family, having three

International Oil and Gas Arbitration

Question: Critically evaluate the significance of an Arbitration Clause in the context of an Oil Gas contract. Answer: Every country is dependent on oil and gas for its economic development and its citizens can accomplish their day to day activities smoothly. After the second world war, along with the industrial revolution, the consumption of energy also increased. Not all countries have rich natural resources for exploration or they are not developed enough to explore them with advanced technology. Therefore, many international companies conduct exploration in the countries which are not well equipped to do it themselves. There comes the need for agreements between the host country and international oil and gas companies. These projects involve a very high investment amount and so comes lots of risk with it. Since two governments are involved in it, so it becomes a matter of their relationship and terms and conditions on which they both agree. Also, the product involved is petroleum, which has a lot of strategic importance to both nations. So, most of the times they choose arbitration method to solve the disputes (Alqurashi, 2005). Over the years, due to many laws and agreements between host countries and international companies, many arbitral awards have been published which are related to oil and gas industry. These laws and agreements became the raw material from which international law for oil and gas industry were drawn. There were lots of issues (investments, time period) which needs to be under some jurisprudence, in order to deal with them. To lure international petroleum companies, host countries try to generate their interest by various means as discussed below: License to explore: Initially in order to lure foreign companies, nations uses to give various concessions or license to explore and produce from its petroleum resources. Due to this, later on they were left with very little control of their own countrys resources. This resulted in lower profits, disputes and frustration to the citizens of the host country. Production sharing agreement: This is done mainly by those countries which lack technical and financial capability and so has to depend on someone to explore in their own land. The main benefit that the host country has that in case the foreign company fails to get any resource facility from the host country, then they have to bear all the failure cost. But if they get any suitable petroleum resource, they will share the profit with the host country (Otero Castrillo, 2013). Participation agreement: In this case, both the host country and foreign company invest to explore and locate for petroleum sites. For this they may form a new entity or can have a joint agreement. Common contractual provisions: In order to protect the interest of the host country and to make them feel secure, there are some contractual provisions like: local labor, training, obligations of domestic marketing, transparency with data, insurance, management etc. Key principles of contract formation in international commercial transactions and key international law principles and trends in the oil and gas sector: There are so many things that both international company and host countries have to consider before they make a deal. They both have to adjust to each other which is only possible if they understand each others requirements and interests. The deal may be of a long time period and they need to understand that environment does not remain same during that period. There can be a political turmoil, natural disasters, war, etc. they have to work for the mutual interests of each other. The host country has to understand that they have to provide safe and secure environment to the people of foreign oil company (Lake, 2007). Also the company has to keep in mind that there can be at times, some inevitable circumstances when things may not go there way, but still they should not compromise with the sovereignty like bribery, corruption, foul pla y. Some of the things to be considered are given below: Political Unrest: Since these projects involve very high capital investment, foreign companies should have far sighted vision to evaluate expected risks and its effects. Political unrest can occur at times of war, riots terrorism. A very recent example is about Turkey, which is in Headlines due to lots of political unrest in the country which was not expected by many. There can be many reasons for it that can be beyond the vision of investor an so they should be prepared to face such issues. Under such circumstances, even the current contracts and agreements are of no value. So a company should only invest in foreign countries in case they have some provision to provide compensation for the damage they faced under unfavorable political conditions. Export credit agencies: Some banks like Overseas Private Investment Corporation (US) give insurance on political risks. There are some countries that are coming out of dictatorship rules or market downfall and so are not very creditable to invest. In such countries, investors can seek insurance, though it can be very expensive and impose strict rules. Since they work with governments of host countries, they make a pressure on governments to protect investors and abide by the rules of the agreements (Talus, 2012). Also in case of dispute, both parties may want it to be settled in their respective courts. Therefore, they should finalize initially only about such issues. Currency risks: These risks can arise the investment is done in a particular currency and its products are sold in another currency. This will result in abrupt changes in the projects stability and profitability. This may not be revealed in accounts figures, but is actually happening. Safety: Investing companies may have lots of safety concerns like kidnapping, robbery, terrorism, physical or mental torture, threat to ladies or children. So safety norms that a company wants should be formulated before like CCTV cameras at sites, guards, fenced sites and houses. The helpers and drivers given should be properly verified of their background. Bribery: There can also be circumstances when foreign companies may try to bribe the officials of the host country to fulfil their vested interests. Some officials take the bribery and do the agreements as per the companies wish and then whole nation has to pay for it. To avoid such situations, many countries have made strict (FCPA law of the US) laws and fines along with imprisonment in case anyone has found guilty (Besche, 2016). Trainings: Foreign companies cannot take all the staff from their own country and have to take some employees from the host country. For this they have to give some trainings to the people of the host country. The training is mandatory for them to give and to take some officials on key positions of the project. They have to take training for the employees of foreign companies. The salary and perks given to them should be equivalent to the one given to the staff of foreign companies. Effectiveness of international law in addressing the environmental impact of oil exploration and exploitation: It became a very common practice for the oil and gas companies to abandon the land after exploiting it to the maximum and the cost to decommission it was very high. No one noticed this thing initially and this practice was continued for many years. This issue grabbed a lot of attention when Shell Oil declared that they will abandon the Brent Spar (oil storage floating on water). Greenpeace, an environmental organization objected this decision and asked it to decommission the oil storage spot (Brent Spar). Therefore, Shell had to decommission the spot and the cost that they had to pay to do it was quite high. Now, there are several international rules and conventions that ensure the decommission of the site by the oil and gas company. In 1958, UN passed a law that asks for removal of petroleum sites. Around 38 countries signed that convention since few countries were able to completely remove the offshore oil and gas facilities. Some countries faced few problems as they have some commitments to the petroleum companies by which they have to abide by. In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) was passed, effectively superseding the 1958 Convention. UNCLOS contemplates the partial removal of offshore facilities (Alramahi, 2013). There are certain set standards that give guidelines for decommissioning of the abandoned facilities. For example International Maritime Organization says that something that is built in less than 100 mt. of water should be completely removed and in case it is built in deeper water then it should be partially removed. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the importance of oil and gas law: Most of the disputes that occur in commercial transactions of petroleum products are between the international oil companies and the host country. Both belong to different countries and have different laws as per their respective interests. Hence comes the importance of an international law, which can address the interests of both parties like national sovereignty, treaties and laws. Sovereignty: Sovereignty gives the right to nations to have their control of its natural resources and people of its country. Even if the government privatize certain things, but still it has every right to make nay changes in the ownership or taxes if required for the public and countrys benefit. This also gives them the power to expropriate the property of foreign companies. There can be times when the government changes and the new one wants changes and accordingly make legal changes which everyone has to abide by (Bowman, 2015). This gives a scope to a nation that it can take decisions for its own vested interests. Here comes the need for some international laws. International laws try to solve issues like this by refraining courts to make changes in laws that are dealing with international matters. Also, this law considers sovereign immunity according to which a nation and its resources cannot be sued in the other nations courts. So in case government wants to take a property fr om a foreign company, they cannot do this without appropriate compensation. In case there is a dispute of violating some terms of a contract between some host countrys company and foreign oil company, most of the nation consider that it does not snoop into the nations integrity. This is called restrictive theory of sovereign immunity. Treaties and Conventions: Agreements that are signed between countries can be in any form like conventions, protocols, pacts or treaties. Treaties are the agreements that are singed between either two countries (bilateral) or many nations (multilateral). Conventions just like treaties, but the number of nations signing it are very high. These all agreements form the basis of International law. All these treaties, conventions are the sources from where international law is made. Whenever there is any dispute, these treaties and international agreements help to solve the disputes (Balogun, 2001). Ratification of a particular convention represents the legal obligation of a participating nation to apply the convention. Some of the treaties are: Vienna Convention, United Nations Convention, the Hague Convention, New York Convention. Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems: Domestic laws of the host country and one or more countries that are involved in the oil and gas transactions are different. So has to be a common law or civil law which is capable to resolve the disputes fairly (Scott, 2009). In case of a civil law, all the issues are solved by civil codes. There is no influence of their previous decisions or other courts. Whereas in case of common law courts, they do lots of probing into the matter before trials in court. The civil course doesnt do much of probing or interrogatories in order to solve the dispute (Soni Chatterjee, 2014). So, it becomes very important to know these systems of law and decide prior to any dispute that which legal system will be followed. Corrupt Practices Act: Some countries like The United States have domestic laws that regulate the foreign conduct of its citizens. It has an act called FCPA, which exclusively deals with such cases to protect its business. Many other nations also have such laws that control exports. Although this has discouraged the foreign companies to invest in the US. Such foreign controls has been decreased with the times as nations have understood the economic benefits of As free trade with their countries (Daintith, 2011). Conclusion: So, we can say that international law emerged from various conventions, treaties, cultures, protocols, pacts etc., which are signed between different nations to come to some common consensus on issues related to trade and also to resolve disputes. Since different nations have different laws based on its culture and circumstances and when organization of one country work in another, a lot of issues needs to have a common law that governs its proceedings and disputes. Also, to get fair benefit from this association, some arbitration has to be involved. We studied various aspects of this law by which it helps international trade to happen smoothly with the benefit of everyone. Bibliography Alqurashi, Z. A., 2005. International Oil and Gas Arbitration. Arbitrating International Petroleum Disputes: an Analysis of Key Substantive Law Issues, January. Alramahi, M., 2013. International oil and gas contracts and deal making, Available at: https://my.laureate.net/Faculty/webinars/Documents/2013June_International%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Contracts%20and%20Deal%20Making.pdf Balogun, O. A., 2001. Nigeria: Legal Framework Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry. Nigeria: Legal Framework Of The Nigerian Petroleum Industry, 03 April. Besche, A. D., 2016. Oil and gas - international law. Oil and gas - international law, Available at: https://www.adeb.no/en/system/oil-and-gas-international-law/ Bowman, J., 2015. International Arbitration. LEX PETROLEA: Sources and Successes of International Petroleum Law, February, Available at: https://www.kslaw.com/library/newsletters/EnergyNewsletter/2015/February/article1.html Daintith, T., 2011. Principles of oil gas Law: Sydney Law School, Available at: https://sydney.edu.au/law/news/docs_pdfs_images/2010/Dec/Principles_Of_Oil_and_Gas_Law.pdf Lake, L. W., 2007. PEH:International Oil and Gas Law. PEH:International Oil and Gas Law, Available at: https://petrowiki.org/PEH%3AInternational_Oil_and_Gas_Law Otero, C. Castrillo, G., 2013. Reflections on the law applicable to international oil contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business Advance, 14 March.pp. 1-34. Scott, R. F., 2009. Oil supply, Oil security and environmental objectives in international law: EOLSS, Available at: https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c14/E1-36-02-01.pdf Soni, A. Chatterjee, A., 2014. Governance of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Sector in India: A Status Note: TERI-NFA, Available at: https://www.teriin.org/projects/nfa/pdf/working-paper-15-Governance-of-the-petroleum-and-natural-gas-sector-in-india-a-status-note.pdf Talus, K., 2012. OGEL Ten Years Special Issue: Internationalisation of Energy Law. OGEL Ten Years Special Issue: Internationalisation of Energy Law.

Unit Activity Essays (460 words) - Graph, Graph Theory, Function

Unit Activity Unit 7: Advanced Functions This activity will help you meet these educational goals: Mathematical Practices-You will make sense of problems and solve them, reason abstractly and quantitatively, construct arguments, and model with mathematics. Introduction In this unit, you learned about advanced functions such as quadratic functions and composite functions. You modeled scenarios using these more advanced functions. In this activity, you will analyze real-world situations by modeling them as functions and interpreting their graphs. __________________________________________________________________________ Directions and Analysis Task: Population of a Species The population of a species in the wild in Asia has been decreasing exponentially since 1980. This function represents the population of the species t years after 1980: W(t) = 20,000(0.95t). The Wildlife Refuge Foundation noticed this trend before 1980 and decided to try to help reduce the population decline by breeding the species in captivity. The graph shows the number of these animals that have been born in captivity since 1980. [pic] a. About how long will it take for the number of the species born in captivity to be equal to the number of the species remaining in the wild? Type your response here: b. Create a function to represent the number of the species that have been born in captivity, C(t). Type your response here: c. Assuming that the species has a long life span and that all those born in captivity are still alive today, create a function, P(t), to represent the total number of the species that are alive, both in the wild and in captivity. Type your response here: d. At what point would you say that the program to breed the species in captivity stops the decline in population? Explain. Type your response here: e. If this trend continues, about what will be the total population of the species in the world in 2020? Type your response here: f. How many more of the species will be alive in 2020 because of the breeding program? Type your response here: __________________________________________________________________________ Resources Document any references you used for this project below. At minimum, include a title and URL for any Internet resource: Evaluation Your teacher will use this rubric to evaluate the completeness of your work as well as the clarity of thinking you exhibit. Total Points: 5 |Task: Population of a Species |Task points: 5 | | | | |Estimate where an exponential function and a |1 | |linear function intersect. | | | | | |Write a function from a graph. |1 | | | | |Combine an exponential function and a linear |1 | |function. | | | |1 | |Interpret a graph of the function in terms of the| | |situation. |0.5 | | | | |Solve the function at a certain value. |0.5 | | | | |Solve a linear function at a certain value. | | ----------------------- 2014 EDMENTUM, INC.

The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army free essay sample

The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army Customs and courtesies have been a part of many military and government settings for centuries; some even running back to ancient roman times. A custom is an established practice. They include both positive actions and taboos (things you do and things you avoid doing). Some examples of customs that we practice in todays military include; never criticize the Army or a leader in public, never wear a superiors rank by saying something like, the first sergeant says to do this when he aid no such thing: you should speak with your own voice, do not run indoors at the sound of reveille or retreat, and never avoid an officer or the nations flag to avoid saluting. Discipline is maintained with courtesy among armed forces members. Good human relations are based from courteous behavior. This discipline and good relations is even instilled in us as children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we were young our parents taught us to address elders as sir or mam. This is a courtesy we use today to address officers. Courtesy is an integral part of serving in uniform. It should be known though, Military courtesy is a two way street and should be practiced back and forth through the ranks. It is a privilege for an officer to be saluted by the lower enlisted, not a chore of those lower enlisted. For military courtesy, mutual respect is a vital part. It is exampled in FM 7-21. 3 chapter 4 that a PFC passing an officer outside had full hands and could not render a salute at the time, but greeted him still with the greeting of the day. Though the lower enlisted did not salute the officer was still required to render a salute to the lower enlisted. This is because, as said before, it is not a chore of the lower enlisted to salute, it is a privilege and the salute goes both ways as a sign of respect. There are times when a soldier doesnt have to salute because the situation Jus t does not permit it. A soldier does not have to salute when working, is indoors, or when there are hands are full. Times when a service member should salute include; to uncased National colors outdoors, at reveille and retreat ceremonies, and when turning over control of formations. There are many other ourtesies in our army. Some are more practiced than others. It is known and taught early in a soldiers carrier that they are to stand at parade rest when addressing an NCO until otherwise ordered. This courtesy is also to be practiced between NCOs. The officers equivalent to this is the position of attention, and it is to be practiced by all service members lower than the addressing officers rank. Lack of this in a unit is a lack in discipline. There are courtesies listed in FM 7-21. 13 that we dont actually use that often, or have been washed down. For example, when an officer enters a room the first service member to notice is supposed to call the room to attention. This courtesy seems to only be held to the commander of a troop or unit and not to any other officers i. e. the XO or Platoon Leaders. The same is expected with all NCOs with the room being called to the position of at ease, it seems that this courtesy has been left only to the Command Sergeant Major of a unit. Courtesies have the right to change over time, as is exampled. One known instance of this is the case of the hand salute. When it was first implemented, in the late Roman Empire assassinations were common, and If a citizen wanted to see a public official they were to raise there right hand to show that they came unarmed. Later Knights would raise the visor to their helmets in a show of respect to other knights. Obviously assassinations are not a prevalent threat nowadays nor visors on our Kevlars or patrol caps, so obviously with a changing environment customs have the right to change. There are many other customs and courtesies that arent always used today with our changing Army. Walking to the left of the higher ranking service member between NCOs and Officers isnt commonly implemented and enforced. Any time it does happen theres a great chance that it was purely accidental. When entering or exiting a vehicle the higher ranking member is required to be the last to enter and the first to exit. This custom isnt used anymore today as well. A tradition is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact being passed on this way. The army is full of traditions and they are what build the pride with in every soldier. In the cavalry, one tradition held to is the use of spurs and Stetsons. Before military vehicles were prevalent and even up until the first gulf war, cavalry scouts utilized horses for navigating rough terrain. Even earlier the cavalry soldiers main purpose was to be a unit that could move quickly across the battle field. The Stetson and spurs were a common part of the cavalry soldiers uniform, and though we dont ride horses into battle or even wear spurs and Stetsons while engaging the enemy we do hold to the tradition of wearing these items on or with our dress uniforms. Traditions like these are specific to certain MOSs and can even be to individual units. The bugle call is an example of an army tradition that is practiced throughout it entirely. All Army installations still use these musical pieces to call for wake up call, lunch, and dinner time. Traditions and courtesies are important to our army because they instill the pride of serving the nation as well as the discipline that a soldier is expected to display. There is no chance that an army without these could exist for, they are the hidden framework behind our actions.

Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay

Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay Business and Society Review 105:4 436–443 Prà ©cis for: Ties That Bind THOMAS DONALDSON AND THOMAS W. DUNFEE W e wrote the book, Ties that Bind, out of our conviction that answering today’s questions requires a new approach to business ethics, an approach that exposes the implicit understandings or â€Å"contracts† that bind industries, companies, and economic systems into moral communities. It is in these economic communities, and in the often unspoken understandings that provide their ethical glue, that we believe many of the answers to business ethics quandaries lie. Further, we think that answering such questions requires the use of a yet deeper, and universal â€Å"contract† superseding even individual ones. The theory that combines both these deeper and thinner kinds of contracts we label â€Å"Integrative Social Contracts Theory,† or â€Å"ISCT† for short. ISCT does not overturn popular wisdom. While it asserts that the social contracts that arise from specific cultural and geographic contexts have legitimacy, it acknowledges a limit to that legitimacy. It recognizes the moral authority of key transcultural truths, for example, the idea that human beings everywhere are deserving of respect. The social contract approach we detail holds that any social contract terms existing outside these boundaries must be deemed illegitimate, no matter how completely subscribed to within a given economic community. In this sense, all particular or â€Å"micro† social contracts, whether they exist at the national, industry, or corporate level, must conform to a hypothetical â€Å"macro† social contract that lays down moral boundaries for any social contracting. ISCT thus lies midway on the spectrum of moral belief separating Thomas Donaldson is the Mark O. Winkelman Professor of Legal Studies and Director of the Wharton Ethics Program at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Thomas W. Dunfee is the Joseph Kolodny Professor of Social Responsibility in Business and Vice Dean responsible for the Undergraduate Division of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.  © 2000 Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK. THOMAS DONALDSON AND THOMAS W. DUNFEE 437 relativism from absolutism. It allows substantial â€Å"moral free space† for nations and other economic communities to shape their distinctive concepts of economic fairness, but it draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values. Our approach takes â€Å"moral free space† seriously. It insists that morality can be â€Å"conditional† or â€Å"situational† at least in the sense that two conflicting conceptions of ethics can sometimes both be valid, and that community agreements about ethics often matter. Two economic systems need not have precisely the same view about the ethics of insider trading. Their views about what is wrong with insider trading may differ, yet both may be legitimate. Nor does every corporation have to follow exactly the same conception of fairness as it designs flextime or seniority rules. It follows from our view that all economic actors must recognize the critical role of social contracts in the communities they impact. To fail to do so, as many companies have done in the past, is to display moral blindness. In our view, as social contracts change, so too do the challenges for business. The ethical â€Å"game† of business today is played by different rules, and harbors different penalties and benefits, than it did decades ago. Broad shifts of moral consensus have occurred. In subtle, far reaching shifts, managers and members of the general public have gradually redefined their view of the underlying responsibilities of large corporations. Half a century ago, companies were basically expected to focus on producing goods and services at reasonable prices; today, corporations are held responsible for a variety of issues involving fairness and quality of life. In companies

PINTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PINTING - Essay Example The painting was created during the Dutch Golden Age. Its current location is Kunsthistorisches Museum, in Vienna. This type of painting can be described as oil on canvas. The dimensions of the painting are 51 inches by 43 inches or 130 centimeters by 110 centimeters. This painting was created after Vermeer completed working on The Procuress painting. The composition as well as the iconography applied while working on the painting makes it one of the complex works by Vermeer. Such characteristic make it one of the most famous paintings by Vermeer. The painting has been passed through generations since Vermeer died. In spite of the fact that the artist was in debt even during the time of his death, he did not sell it to settle such debts. This shows that the painting had attachment with the painter. To prevent its sale, Vermeer’s widow willed the painting to her mother. Although it is not clear who owned the painting during the 18th century, it was acquired by Gerard van Swieten and later inherited by his son. Before 1860, the painting was believed to have been the work of Pieter de Hooch who forged his own signature into the painting to make it look legitimate. The intervention of one of Vermeer’s scholars, Thore Burger, prompted the recognition that the painting was indeed Vermeer’s own original work. In 1940, Hitler bought the painting, which was later found at the end of the Second World War. Since then, the painting had been in the possession of Americans until it was presented to Austria in 1946. It has remained there to present day. The painting, Painter in His Studio, portrays a painter painting a woman in a room that appears to be his studio. The artist is seated on a stool looking at the woman and hiding a painting tool. At the present point, the artist is painting the upper part of her head. On the other hand, the female subject is

Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia Research Proposal

Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia - Research Proposal Example The essay "Social Constructs of Beauty in America, Europe and Asia" will looks at the international constructions of beauty in various cultural locations all over the world precisely in the USA, Asia and European nations. The variations of the sexual connotation of beauty will be compared according to the region where the magazine adverts come from. The research will look at the points of commonality and the divergence in the construction of beauty in fashion. The running theme in the paper will be the effect of the cultural influences in the modeling of what is beautiful across the three regions of America, Europe and Asia. The paper will not assume a comparison point of view; instead, it will seek to look at the social constructs of beauty individually. The practical activities representing the social constructs of beauty take into consideration the increasing globalization effects. In line with the increasing globalization, the cultural influences in the design and fashion areas a re turning out to be hazy mazes. The dominant cultures are exerting their influences on the traditional concepts of beauty such that the end result is a dwindling effect of culture on the depiction of beauty. Majority of the western films have been credited for the erosion of the social constructs of beauty. This precedence is dangerous in that it threatens the actual existence of the beauty in its indigenous form. As a creative practitioner, the assignment will seek to expose the beauty in the cultural influences.

Broadcast TV Show - Family Guy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Broadcast TV Show - Family Guy - Research Paper Example Family Guy, for example, is an animated evening sitcom broadcast by the FOX network that celebrates the dysfunction of the American family but attempts to encourage more critical thinking in social commentary. Generally, Family Guy presents the different adventures of an average American family that includes the four major roles within the dysfunctional family. The Griffin family consists of the overweight, mentally disadvantaged father Peter, his fallen debutante wife Lois, their oldest son Chris, daughter Meg, infant son Stewie, and anthropomorphic pet dog Brian. Chris is almost as stupid as his father, but he takes on the role of the caretaker, "the families social director or clown, diverting the familys attention from pain and anger" (Burney, 2008). Meg is the scapegoat, seen as the unathletic, not necessarily intellectual, slightly overweight, highly insecure, unpopular girl. Stewie is the genius of the family and is set up for the family hero role. Although hes an infant that no one else in the family seems to understand, he constantly comes up with new inventions and ideas of how to eliminate his mother or to rule the world. His plans are sometimes stopped, sometimes joined, by Br ian, the other intellectual member of the family and takes on the role of the lost child. Where Stewies motivations are generally childishly selfish, Brian has a more mature outlook and attempts to add reason back into the conversations. Unlike Stewie, Brian can be understood by the family. It is thought these types of shows are entertaining because they help us feel better about ourselves or our own dysfunctional families. "All families have challenges and problems and sometimes very serious ones. And somehow, when we see them on film, I guess it somehow expiates our own troubles" (Shapiro, 2008). To understand how the show both celebrates American dysfunction and attempts to encourage critical thought within social commentary, it is

Examining The Explanation For Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay

Examining The Explanation For Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay For decades, researchers have made numerous efforts to find a thorough explanation for juvenile delinquency. The results of these endeavors have offered possible reasons as being both biological and social (Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). It is still unsettled as to what causes have the greatest influence on adolescence crime, but it is undoubted that some factors clearly have an effect. Recent studies have suggested that the direct relationships a child has with concrete social elements, like his family, friends and community, are likely to give some predicate involvement in crime (Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). This paper will identify and discuss the environmental influences of family, peer pressure, and community and their effects on juvenile delinquency. Keywords: family, peer pressure, community, juvenile delinquency, environmental influence Much time and energy has been spent in attempting to understand the causes of delinquency. Several theoretical models have been developed to describe the relationship between variables and outcomes as it relates to delinquent behavior. Some studies have pointed to the interaction of risk factors, the multiplicative effect when several risk factors are present, and how certain protective factors may work to offset risk factors (Palermo, 2008). Also, studies have noted that the presence of certain risk factors often increases a youths chance of performing criminal actions (Megens Weerman, 2010). Individual, social, and community factors have currently been identified as risk for juvenile delinquency. Individual factors can be defined as prenatal and perinatal; and studies have revealed that approximately 80% of violent youth offenders, rated high in delivery complications (Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). Researchers also continue to suggest that psychological, behavioral, and mental characteristics such as low verbal IQ and delayed language development are also linked to delinquency (Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). Social factors, usually defined as family and peer influence are also important in the development of delinquent behavior. It is well documented that children that are maltreated and/or have delinquent friends run a greater risk of developing delinquent behavior themselves (Valdas, 2008). Finally, community factors, which are school policies that attach importance to suspension and expulsion, and youths residing in disorganized or adverse neighborhoods, have been identified as strong factors for increased risk of participating in criminal acts by juveniles (Palermo, 2009). Today, social structure theorists still offer that the cause of juvenile crime is not within the person themselves but is due to external factors. They further believe crime is created by social structures such as poverty, a peer group who believes there is nothing wrong with crime, and/or a racial imbalance in the justice system (Palermo, 2009). Current research has shown an exclusive focus on juvenile conditions in U.S. cities. The focal point continues to be on the complex nature of interdependencies between social conditions and behavior of individuals on one side and ecological context factors on the other side (Palermo, 2009). I suggest that a clear outlook on the efforts required by society, schools, and families to reduce juvenile delinquency is being revealed through these studies to show important factors leading juveniles to delinquency. Family Influence on Juvenile Delinquency Probably the strongest influence in our lives is the family we grew up in. Birth order, personality of our parents, treatment by our siblings, socioeconomic status of the family all shape who we become. These influences, also taught us what society deems as proper behavior. Small children do whatever impulse entered our heads (Regoli, Hewitt, Delisi, 2007). They do not know that it was socially unacceptable to eat with fingers, to play with the vase on the coffee table, to hit another sibling or to break toys (Regoli, Hewitt, Delisi, 2007). These rules and many other were introduced and re-enforced to most people by parents. Historic review of in the fields of humanities and science clearly put forward the family as the foundation of human society (Valadas, 2008).   There is a common joke often told to new mothers and fathers that parents always screw up their kids, it is just a matter of how bad. I suggest that there may be some truth to this adage. Recent studies show that seventy to eighty percent of families are considered dysfunctional by family therapists (Aaron Dalliare, 2010). It is must be noted that sometimes no matter how well intentioned and how well informed parents may be, they cannot know exactly the correct way to rear a particular child. However, many others are intentionally neglectful and not well informed to the detriment of the child. Much evidence supports the proposition that children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent (Valadas, 2008).   All would agree that adolescence is a time of expanding vulnerabilities and opportunities that accompany the widening social and geographic exposure to lif e beyond school or family; but it all starts within the family (Megens Weerman, 2010).   Researchers agree that family plays a large part in delinquency; thus understanding how the family and how the juvenile within the family works gets to the core of delinquency (Aaron Dallaire, 2010).   In the realm of family functioning there is a theory known as the coercion theory, which suggests that family environment influences an adolescents interpersonal style (Aaron Dallaire, 2010).   Youth with coercive interpersonal style tend to become involved with others that have similar styles, and these relationships tend to increase the likelihood of being involved in delinquent behavior (Aaron Dallaire, 2010).   Thus, understanding the nature of relationships within the family, to include family adaptability, cohesion, and satisfaction, provides more information for understanding youth that are risk (Valada, 2008).   I propose that understanding the cohesiveness of the family may eventually be a predictor for the frequency of delinquent acts because studies have revealed that family behaviors, particularly parental monitoring and disciplining, seem to influence association with deviant peers throughout the adolescent period.    Among  social circumstances which have a hand in determining the future of an individual, I suggest that out of the many environmental factors researchers have developed to understanding the causes of juvenile delinquency, the family unit plays the greatest role. I support this conclusion with the fact that society has always placed a heavy burden on families by assigning the responsibility for childrearing to parents with little or no guidance. Individual family units must transmit values so as to lead children to accept societal rules based on their own understanding. Therefore, it should be no surprise to find that family life bears the strongest relationship to juvenile delinquency. Peer Influence on Juvenile Delinquency There is considerable evidence to support that peer relationships influence the growth of problem behavior in youth (Regoli, Hewitt, Delisi, 2007; Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). Peer influences can be defined as pressure either planned or unplanned exerted by peers to influence personal behavior (Schmalleger, Bartollas, 2008). Peer groups provide important developmental points of reference through which adolescents gain an understanding of the world outside of their families (Megens Weerman, 2010). Failure to develop close relationships with peers can result in a variety of problems for adolescents that range from delinquency and substance abuse to psychological disorders (Megens, Weerman, 2010). It has also been documented that higher peer stress and less companionship support from peers has been associated with a lower social self-concept in adolescents (Palermo, 2009). Research has consistently documented a high correlation between peer and youth deviance; ironically, the most common public interventions for deviant youth involve segregation from mainstream peers and aggregation into settings with other deviant youth (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Given the rise of public concern and research on this issue, there still needs to be more understanding on the conditions under which these peer contagion effects intervention, youth developmental levels, and strategies for managing youth behavior in groups. Many studies have found a consistent relationship between involvement in a delinquent peer group and delinquent behavior (Megens Weerman, 2010). Literature has noted that for youth ages 12-14, a key predictor variable for delinquency is the presence of antisocial peers (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Factors such as peer delinquent behavior, peer approval of delinquent behavior, attachment or allegiance to peers, time spent with peers, and peer pressure for deviance, have all been associated with adolescent antisocial behavior (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Conversely, research has shown reported that spending time with peers who disapprove of delinquent behavior may curb later violence (Megens Weerman, 2010). Thus, I conclude that the influence of peers and their acceptance of delinquent behavior is significant and this relationship is magnified when youth have little interaction with their parents. Community Influence on Juvenile Delinquency A dramatic way neighborhood and community environments can affect residences lives is through the influence on educational outcomes of the children. The Juvenile Justice Systems involvement with kids within the special education system is currently a hot topic (Chung Steinberg, 2006). When the federal special education law was passed in 1975, Congress found that most children with disabilities were not receiving an appropriate education, and that millions of children were excluded from school altogether (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Today, schools continue to suspend and expel students with disabilities for behaviors that are a direct result of their disabilities (Li Lerner, 2011). These children often become delinquent, feel worthless, are viewed as failures, stop trying, and/or end up in the juvenile justice system as a result of their treatment by those who are charged with educating them (Christle, Jolivette, Nelson, 2005). School policies can best be defined as various goals and assigning the proper authorities that makes school governance and management possible (Li Lerner, 2011). Studies have reviewed the impact of school policies concerning grade retention, suspension and expulsion, and school tracking of juvenile delinquency and have reported that these policies, which disproportionately affect minorities, have negative consequences for at-risk youth (Li Lerner, 2011). For example, suspension and expulsion do not reduce undesirable behavior, and both are linked to increased delinquent behavior. Studies have also revealed that large schools with formal and severe punishment structures in place had more incidents of students misbehaving (Christle, Jolivette, Nelson, 2005). Recently there has been a growth in the development and application of prevention programs (Li, Lerner, 2011). Most have been directed at adolescents and are based in schools. I suggest that there will be a continued growth in these programs because school is a key locus for intervention. This is based simply on the fact that these institutions aside from family have access over extended periods of time to most of the population of young people. There is a general consensus in the general public that juvenile delinquency is concentrated in disadvantaged neighborhoods (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Existing research has revealed a powerful connection between juveniles residing in an adverse environment and their participation in criminal acts (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Sociological theories of deviance state that disorganized neighborhoods have weak social control networks; that weak social control, resulting from isolation among residents and high residential turnover, allows criminal activity to go unmonitored (Megens Weerman, 2010). For example, according to Jane Jacobs, a writer and community activist, who has primary interests in urban decay, identified in her writings that a greater tendency for crime occurred in large publicly accessible areas created by the newer forms of urban planning (Jacobs, 1961). She also pointed out that the new forms of design broke down many of the traditional controls on criminal behavior; and us ed the example of the ability of residents to watch the street and the presence of people using the street both night and day (Jacobs, 1961). In studies of predominantly male adolescent samples, neighborhood adversity has been linked to both minor and serious forms of delinquency, to the presence of gangs, and to a broad range of criminal activities (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Research however, has largely ignored the influence of neighborhood factors on the development of delinquent behavior in girls despite the fact that issues relating to etiology or opportunities for intervention within neighborhoods apply equally often for both girls and boys (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Neighborhoods influence childrens behavior by providing the values that lead them to perceive how to act (Palermo, 2009). Communities in which criminal activities are common tend to establish criminal behavior as acceptable, because tolerance for gang activities varies by community. In neighborhoods in which gangs are respected, gang membership may generate loyalties that increase the likelihood of violence (Chung Steinberg, 2006). Studies have further re vealed that friendships among delinquents seem to involve closer ties as well as greater mutual influence than do friendships among non-delinquents (Palermo, 2009). It is thus fair to suggest that through ties of friendship, neighborhoods have multiplying effects. Conclusion Arrest records indicate that the majority of crime committed in the United States is associated with youths more than any other demographic ( Megens Weerman, 2010). The prevention of delinquency is a complex problem with no simple solutions. However, risk factor analysis offers a way to determine which youth are most likely to become delinquent (Palermo, 2009). The approach also allows practitioners to tailor prevention programs to the unique needs of individual youth and communities. Agreeing with the correlation of social factors to juvenile delinquency, I propose like many others studying in this field, that there is no single path to delinquency and note that the presence of several risk factors often increases a youths chance of offending. However, I do strongly concur with the long history of research that links family dysfunction as a major factor with future criminal offending. In part because parents monitor and provide nurturance to children, it is thought that the loosening of bonds among family members may result in more criminal involvement (Valadas, 2008). Thus, I suggest further studies on the family unit are necessary to gain more understanding on delinquent behavior. Recently researchers and policy makers have regarded juvenile delinquency as one of the worldÊ ¼s most critical social issues. Regardless of the causes, juvenile delinquency carries a high cost to the American system. These costs can be measured in terms of money spent and lost, but more importantly as the moral costs to society.

Non-duality: Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen Essays -- Religion, Buddhis

Buddhism first developed in India by Siddhartha Gautama as a means to end suffering. Nirvana could ultimately be achieved with adherence to the Four Noble Truths and the middle way. The Mahayana tradition arose within Buddhist with different interpretations of Buddha’s teachings and new ideals. It emphasized the role of the bodhisattva and the bodhisattva path as the means to attain enlightenment, or Buddhahood. The nature of the Buddha is no longer equivalent to that of the arhant, rather, he is beyond the level of the arhant; he is a transcended being. Within Mahayana, Madhyamika and Yogacara philosophical schools developed in India and the Zen tradition arose once Buddhism spread to East Asia. While Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen emphasize several different concepts in an effort to attain enlightenment, all three adhere to the Mahayana doctrine of emptiness and non-duality. At the core of the Mahayana doctrine of emptiness lays in the early Buddhist belief in anatman, or no self. There is both a spiritual and material part to human nature, but it is the â€Å"moral identity that survives death and is reborn† (Prebish and Keown 56). The concept of anatman eliminates attachment to the material by claiming that an individual has no real core, or soul, and the five skandhas, or aggregates of attachment, namely the material form, feelings, perceptions, mental formations and consciousness, provides evidence. â€Å"It is held that none of the five skandhas are able to exist in the absence of the other four† (Hershock). Desire is one of the main causes of suffering, and the five aggregates are the objects of desire. Dependent origination holds that everything is conditioned and â€Å"lack intrinsic being of their own† (Prebish and Keown 49)... ...anslation can be seen in translating emptiness. If emptiness is translated as upaya, or skillful means, then emptiness is a way of eliminating attachment to all views by criticizing them much like Nagarjuna does. â€Å"Emptiness potentially can liberate or trap one further into greater conceptual illusions† (Low 133). The trap occurs when the view is not is not ultimately true. Enlightenment is central to Buddhism; it is a form of freedom. Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen have different ways of interpreting the different stages of enlightenment, but they all hold that the realization of enlightenment means having the wisdom to view reality in its natural form. All sentient beings and dharmas are empty and free from the subject-object dualism. Once the individual understands the impermanence of reality, the individual has attained wisdom and therefore enlightenment. Non-duality: Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen Essays -- Religion, Buddhis Buddhism first developed in India by Siddhartha Gautama as a means to end suffering. Nirvana could ultimately be achieved with adherence to the Four Noble Truths and the middle way. The Mahayana tradition arose within Buddhist with different interpretations of Buddha’s teachings and new ideals. It emphasized the role of the bodhisattva and the bodhisattva path as the means to attain enlightenment, or Buddhahood. The nature of the Buddha is no longer equivalent to that of the arhant, rather, he is beyond the level of the arhant; he is a transcended being. Within Mahayana, Madhyamika and Yogacara philosophical schools developed in India and the Zen tradition arose once Buddhism spread to East Asia. While Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen emphasize several different concepts in an effort to attain enlightenment, all three adhere to the Mahayana doctrine of emptiness and non-duality. At the core of the Mahayana doctrine of emptiness lays in the early Buddhist belief in anatman, or no self. There is both a spiritual and material part to human nature, but it is the â€Å"moral identity that survives death and is reborn† (Prebish and Keown 56). The concept of anatman eliminates attachment to the material by claiming that an individual has no real core, or soul, and the five skandhas, or aggregates of attachment, namely the material form, feelings, perceptions, mental formations and consciousness, provides evidence. â€Å"It is held that none of the five skandhas are able to exist in the absence of the other four† (Hershock). Desire is one of the main causes of suffering, and the five aggregates are the objects of desire. Dependent origination holds that everything is conditioned and â€Å"lack intrinsic being of their own† (Prebish and Keown 49)... ...anslation can be seen in translating emptiness. If emptiness is translated as upaya, or skillful means, then emptiness is a way of eliminating attachment to all views by criticizing them much like Nagarjuna does. â€Å"Emptiness potentially can liberate or trap one further into greater conceptual illusions† (Low 133). The trap occurs when the view is not is not ultimately true. Enlightenment is central to Buddhism; it is a form of freedom. Madhyamika, Yogacara, and Zen have different ways of interpreting the different stages of enlightenment, but they all hold that the realization of enlightenment means having the wisdom to view reality in its natural form. All sentient beings and dharmas are empty and free from the subject-object dualism. Once the individual understands the impermanence of reality, the individual has attained wisdom and therefore enlightenment.

Effect Of Different Noise Reduction Health And Social Care Essay

Abstract-The intent of this paper is to measure the consequence of different noise decrease filters on computed imaging ( CT ) images. In peculiar, denoising filters based on the combination of Gaussian and Prewitt operators and on anisotropic diffusion are proposed. Simulation consequences show that the proposed techniques increase the image quality and let the usage of a low-dose CT protocol.Index Terms-Computed imaging ( CT ) , denoising filters, image quality, radiation dosageComputed imaging ( CT ) is a wireless in writing review method that generates a 3-D image of the interior of an object from a big series of 2-D images taken on a cross-sectional plane of the same object. In most clinical conditions, CT has been necessary in adjunction to conventional skiagraphy. By and large talking, conventional radiogram depict a 3-D object as a 2-D image, produced by an X-ray tubing, which rotates around the organic structure of the stationary patient. of Hounsfield graduated tables that represents the country of involvement. The available grey graduated table is spread over the chosen scope. For this purpose, two parametric quantities are defined, i.e. , windowing breadth, which defines the difference between the upper and lower bounds of the selected scope, and windowing centre, which represents the centre of the window. After a cross-sectional image is acquired, the patient is advanced through the gauntry into the following stationary place, and so the following image is acquired. Improvement in tubing engineering, computing machine, and hardware public presentations has led to an development of CT scanners, cut downing the acquisition scan times and bettering the declaration. A first development of the traditional CT scanner is the coiling ( or helical ) scanner [ 1 ] . It is based on the uninterrupted patient gesture through the gauntry combined with the interrupted tubing rotary motion. The name of this scanner engineering derives from the coiling way traced o ut by the X-ray beam. The major advantages of coiling scanning compared with the traditional attack consist of its improved velocity and spacial declaration. To farther cut down the scan clip, the multislice CT scanner has been developed [ 2 ] . This system uses multiple rows of sensors. This manner, the throughput of the patient is well increased. However, multislice scanners generate an increased sum of informations compared with the single-slice scanner, and practically, the throughput of patients is limited by the clip taken to retrace the acquired informations. In add-on, diagnostic CT imaging involves a trade-off between the image quality and the radiation dosage ; hence, the decrease of the CT image noise is important to cut down the acquisition clip without deteriorating the contrast and the signal-to noise ratio. The visual image of the anatomic constructions by agencies of CT is affected by two effects, viz. , blurring, which reduces the visibleness of little object, and n oise, which reduces the visibleness of low-contrast objects. During scanning, the sum of blurring is determined by the focal topographic point size and the sensor size, whereas at the clip of image Reconstruction procedure, blurring is due to the voxel size and the type of applied filter. Another common process to scan the whole organic structure, giving 3-D images, is magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) , which is based on magnetic belongingss of the H content of tissues. The MRI scanner is a tubing surrounded by a elephantine round magnet. The patient is placed on a movable bed that is inserted into the strong magnet, which forces H atoms in the patient ‘s organic structure to aline in the magnetic field way. When wireless moving ridges are applied, they perturb the magnetisation equilibrium by tipping the magnetisation in different waies. As the RF moving ridges turn off, the H atoms lose energy breathing their ain RF signals. Different types of tissues generate differen t signals. The collected informations are reconstructed into a 2-D array. MRI is a noninvasive scrutiny because the patients are non exposed to the radiation dosage, MRI is good suited for soft tissues. MRI is more expensive than CT. II. RADIATION DOSE AND IMAGE QUALITY CT histories for 47 % of whole medical radiation, although it represents merely 7 % of entire radiology scrutinies. Hence, the development of techniques for cut downing the radiation dosage becomes indispensable, peculiarly in paediatric applications [ 3 ] . In conventional skiagraphy imagination, it is normally clear when overexposure has taken topographic point. This is non true in CT, because the sum of radiation adsorbed by the patient depends on many proficient parametric quantities, which can automatically be controlled by CT scanners to equilibrate the high image quality and the exposure dosage. Then, it is possible that the differences between an equal image and a high-quality image ( obtained with higher exposure ) are non so instantly apparent. Unfortunately, as the radiation additions, the associated hazard of malignant neoplastic disease is increased, although this is highly little. To adhere the image quality to the radiation dosage, a batch of dose forms were developed. The Computed Tomography Dose Index, along with its discrepancies, includes a set of standard parametric quantities used to depict CT-associated dosage. It is defined as the integral of the dose distribution profile ( measured along a line analogue to the axis of rotary motion of the lamp ) divided by the nominal piece thickness. Many proficient factors contribute to the strength dosage in CT. In sequence, the chief CT parametric quantities and their deductions in the diagnostic quality of the CT tests are investigated. 1 ) Tube current ( in factory amperes ) and gantry rotary motion clip: These parametric quantities are straight relative to the radiation dosage. Their merchandise ( in mAs ) affects the figure of photons emitted by the X-ray beam, and it is responsible for the radiation exposure. Furthermore, an addition in mill amperes produces warming of the anode of the X-ray tubing. 2 ) Tube electromotive force extremum ( kVp ) : It is relative to square root of the dosage. This parametric quantity controls the speed at which the negatrons collide with the anode, and it straight affects X-ray incursion. Furthermore, by utilizing high values of kVp, it is possible to cut down the difference in tissue densenesss, and this can degrade the image contrast. 3 ) Pitch: It is defined as the ratio of the table distance traveled in one 360a- ¦ rotary motion and the entire collimated breadth of the X-ray beam. A rise in pitch produces a decrease of the radiation dosage but, at the same clip, decreases both the piece sensitiveness and the z-axis declaration. Many CT empirical protocols to set scan scenes have been proposed [ 5 ] . Generally, in CT scrutinies, a high radiation dosage consequences in high-quality images. A lower dose leads to the addition in image noise and consequences in un crisp images. This is more critical in low-contrast soft-tissue imagination like abdominal or liver CT. The relationship between the image quality and the dosage in CT is comparatively complex, affecting the interplay of a figure of factors, including noise, axial and longitudinal declarations, and piece width [ 6 ] . Depending on the diagnostic undertaking, these factors interact to find image sensitiveness ( i.e. , the ability to comprehend low-contras t constructions ) and visibleness of inside informations III. CT IMAGE NOISE CT images are per se noisy, and this poses important challenges for image reading, peculiarly in the context of low-dose and high-throughput informations analysis. CT noise affects the visibleness of low-contrast objects. By utilizing well-engineered CT scanners, it is sensible to pretermit the electronic noise caused by electronic devices [ 7 ] . Then, in the CT image, the primary subscriber to the entire noise is the quantum noise, which represents the random fluctuation in the fading coefficients of the single tissue voxels [ 8 ] . In fact, it is possible that two voxels of the same tissue produce different CT values. A possible attack to cut down the noise is the usage of big voxels, which absorb a batch of photons, guaranting a more accurate measuring of the fading coefficients. In this paper, some image filters to cut down the noise part were proposed. In a first measure, the statistical belongingss of image noise in CT tests were investigated. As evident in the literature, noi se mold and the manner to cut down it are common jobs in most imaging applications. In many image processing applications, a suited denoising stage is frequently required before any relevant information could be extracted from analyzed images. This is peculiarly necessary when few images are available for analysis. A batch of surveies have proved the Gaussianity of the pixel image generated by CT scanners [ 9 ] – [ 10 ] . This consequence permits us to set up the stochastic image theoretical account and to carry on a statistical image analysis of CT images IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, 20 high-dose thorax CT images supplied by the Radiologist staff of â€Å" G. Moscati † Taranto Hospital have been examined. In peculiar, our attending was pointed to chest scrutinies due to high frequence by radiotherapists look intoing chest pathology, every bit good as the good handiness of this type of images. In fact, in the thorax, CT is by and large better than medical imaging analysis such as MRI for the hollow entrails. Furthermore, lung is the lone organ whose vass can be traced without utilizing contrast media, and this simplifies the image amplification. All images ( 512 A- 512 pels ) were in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format, which represents the criterion in radiology and cardiology imagination industry for informations exchange and image-related information. This standard groups information into information sets, including of import features such as image size and format, acquisition parametric quantities, equipment description, and patient information [ 16 ] . The examined images were acquired by agencies of a coiling CT scanner with the undermentioned acquisition puting: the tubing electromotive force extremum is 120 kVp, the tubing current is 375 ma, and the piece thickness is 7.5 millimeter. Image visual image was performed by utilizing the criterion windowing parametric quantities for thorax CT, i.e. , windowing centre of 30 HU and windowing breadth of 350 HU. Each image was corrupted by linear zero-mean white Gaussian noise to imitate a low-dose CT image. To this purpose, we have simulated the decrease in the tubing current degree by following an sum of noise in understanding with the consequences of old surveies about simulation of dose decrease in CT scrutinies [ 11 ] . To be more precise, we have used a degree noise ( standard divergence = 25 HU ) that about simulates the lowest tubing current degree ( 40 ma ) adopted in CT analysis. This value corresponds to the current degree recommended for paediatric thorax CT scrutinies [ 12 ] . Fig. 1 shows an illustration of an original high-dose thorax image. ] . To cut down the noise consequence, different low-pass filters have mostly been used in medical image analysis, but they have the disadvantage to present film overing borders. In fact, all smoothing filters, while smoothing out the noise, besides take high frequence border characteristics by degrading the localisation and the contrast. Therefore, it is necessary to equilibrate the tradeoff among Fig. 1Original CT image obtained with a high dosage of radiation. noise suppression, image deblurring, and edge sensing. To this purpose, a low-pass filter combined with an border sensor operator was proposed. In peculiar, Gaussian, averaging, and unsharp filters were tested to smooth the noise, whereas Prewitt and Sobel operators were used for border designation. The experimental consequences showed that the combination of Gaussian and Prewitt offers best public presentations. Successively, a nonlinear denoising technique has been tested, and its public presentations have been compared with the Gaussian-Prewitt filtering technique. Anisotropic diffusion is a selective and nonlinear filtering technique that improves image quality, taking the noise while continuing and even heightening inside informations. The anisotropic diffusion procedure employs the diffusion coefficients to find the sum of smoothing that should be applied to each pel of the image. The diffusion procedure is based on an iterative method, and it is described by agencies of the un dermentioned diffusion equation where Iti, J is the strength of the pel at place I, J and at the tth loop ; cN, cesium, cerium, and cW are the diffusion coefficients in the four waies ( north, south, east, and west ) ; parametersa?†¡NI, a?†¡SI, a?†¡EI, and a? »a?†¡WI are the nearest-neighbor differences of strength in the four waies ; and I » represents a coefficient that assures the stableness of the theoretical account, runing in the interval [ 0-0.25 ] . The initial status ( t = 0 ) of the diffusion equation is the strength pels of the original image. The diffusion coefficients are updated at every loop as a map of strength gradient. Normally, the two following maps were used for coefficient computation [ 21 ] : ( 2 ) where K is a control parametric quantity. The first map favours high-contrast borders over low contrast borders, whereas the 2nd emphasizes broad countries over smaller countries. A proper pick of the diffusion map non merely preserves but besides enhances the borders. This map monotonically decreases with the addition in gradient strength a?†¡I. The control parametric quantity should be chosen to bring forth maximal smoothing, where noise is supposed to be present at that place forward, it is possible to cipher K to happen the maximal value of diffusion flow ( hundred a? » a?†¡I ) and take it to be equal to the noise degree. This manner, the undermentioned K values are obtained for two diffusion maps ( 2 ) [ 23 ] : ( 3 ) where I?n is the standard divergence of the noise calculated in the noisy image background. The appraisal of the noise degree in a corrupted image is usually based on the computation of the standard divergence of the pels in the homogenous zone ( e.g. , background ) . For this ground, the pel indexes of the original image background, matching to the zones where there is no signal ( Ii, ,j = 0 ) , have been calculated. Then, these indexes are used to cipher the standard divergence in the noisy image. In the first estimate, we have supposed that the noise criterion divergence is changeless throughout the image. Therefore, to take into history the non stationarity of noise, we have calculated the K value as a map of local noise features. The noise is assumed to be statistically independent of the original image. We consider the differences in strength in the four waies, i.e. , ( 4 ) It is good known that the noise discrepancy of the amount of two independent noisy signals is the amount of the noise discrepancies of the two constituents. Therefore, it can easy be shown that the discrepancy of the noise is non affected by the operations in ( 4 ) , because the noise is assumed to be a white signal, i.e. , different pels are non correlated. Then, the noise discrepancies of I, DN, DS, DE, andDW are the same. To gauge the local noise criterion divergence, we consider a sub image of size M ( M = 2m + 1 ) , where the undermentioned relationship is applied: ( 5 ) It is possible to observe that the local mean I?D, I, ,j is taken into history. In fact, even if the planetary noise mean is zero, locally, the mean is normally nonzero. The estimated local criterion divergence is replaced in ( 3 ) , obtaining four K values for each diffusion map. The diffusion equation does non take into history the border waies. In fact, they are considered ever vertically or horizontally displayed. It is possible to better the public presentation of the diffusion filter by increasing the action of the filter on the waies parallel to the border and diminishing the filtrating action on perpendicular waies. To this purpose, is modified by adding new footings depending on the border way [ 12 ] , A suited mask of size N is used to pull out a sub image, and the upper limit of the strength gradient is calculated to happen the border way. The size N depends on the image belongingss. If N is excessively little, the figure of mask pels is non sufficient to verify if an border issues and to cipher its orientation. If N is excessively big, it is possible to pull out a sub array incorporating more than one border orientation ; in this instance, the computation of the maximal strength gradient produces wrong consequences. V. RESULTS To measure the consequence of noise add-on on the original images, the comparative RMS mistake eRMS was calculated as follows: ( 7 ) Fig 5 ( a ) loop 0 image where Io is the original high-dose image, I is the original image corrupted by Gaussian noise, and R and C are the row and column Numberss, severally. Experimental consequences have shown that this parametric quantity is, on Fig 5 ( B ) Iteration 1 image Fig 5 ( degree Celsius ) Iteration 2image Fig 5 ( vitamin D ) enhanced image loop mean, approximately 13 % .Successively, ( 7 ) was used to cipher the noise decrease obtained by using the proposed filtering techniques on the corrupted image. In this instance, in ( 7 ) , I represents the filtered noisy image. In a first measure, the filter obtained by uniting Gaussian and Prewitt filters was tested. This technique allows diminishing the mean comparative mistake to 10 % . Successively, the anisotropic filter was tested. Several simulations have been used to put up the filter parametric quantities. In peculiar, a first set of trials has been carried out to compare the public presentations of the filter obtained by ciphering the diffusion coefficients by agencies of the two maps ( 2 ) . The trial consequences show that the 2nd map produces somewhat better public presentations in footings of comparative RMS mistake. Probably, this is due to the belongingss of chest CT images, where the big parts are prevailing with regard to the countries with high contrast borders. Further simulations have been performed to place the figure of loops for the diffusion procedure. Fig. 5 ( a-c ) shows the average values of comparative RMS mistakes obtained in all filtering image trials versus the loop figure. It is possible to observe that, for an loop figure less than 4, eRMS monotonically decreases ; otherwise, eRMS monotonically grows. Therefore, three loops have been used in the filtering trials. Furthermore, several simulations have been performed to find the size of the two masks used to gauge the local noise criterion divergence and border waies, severally. The analysis of trial consequences has led to take a size M = N = 7 for both masks. Finally, the public presentations of the Gaussian-Prewitt and anisotropic filters have been compared. The experimental consequences highlight that, utilizing the anisotropic filter, it is possible to diminish eRMS to about 6 % . Fig. 5. ( vitamin D ) shows an illustration of the public presentation of anisotropic filtering and of filtrating obtained by uniting Gauss and Prewitt operators applied on a noisy image VI. Decision In this paper, an analysis of denoising techniques applied to CT images has been presented with the purpose of increasing the dependability of CT scrutinies obtained with low-dose radiation. First, the chief proficient parametric quantities act uponing the radiation dosage and their deductions for diagnostic quality were investigated. Successively, the chief causes of CT noise and its statistical belongingss were analyzed. Finally, some image filters to cut down the noise part were proposed. In peculiar, a combination of Gaussian and Prewitt filters was ab initio tested, obtaining a RMS of 10 % . Successively, a filtering technique based on anisotropic diffusion was applied. Several simulations have been carried out to take the best filter parametric quantities. This manner, it has been possible to diminish the comparative mistake to about 6 % .

Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Essays

Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Essays Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Paper Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay Paper In the narrative Daisy Miller, written by Henry James, James tells a narrative about a immature American lady named Daisy Miller and her household members who are holidaying in Europe. Daisy is holidaying in a new universe and is seeking to happen a manner to larn and accommodate to her new milieus. She is seeking to suit in with the high category society but due to her life styles differences she is non accepted in their universe. Based on the narrative one would presume that the cause of Daisy s decease is eventful ; nevertheless, there are several given points that suggest it was strictly by happenstance and could hold happen to anyone. Henry James proves this by the usage of characters, puting, and symbolism. The other chief character focused is Winterbourne is a 27-year old expatriate American unmarried man ( Collins 1 ) . Winterbourne was raised and received most of his instruction in Geneva, he is considered to be reasonably quiet but extremely educated, he understands the European life styles but keeps his ain sentiment. Winterbourne has lost the capacity for love and he has lost the chance to come to life. ( Ohmann 3 ) . Daisy is turned off by him because she views him as a individual that does nt bask life. She feels like he would instead analyze and be serious so really populate his life. Winterbourne has an instant attractive force to her artlessness and beauty. However, Daisy sees him as being stiff and exanimate ( Wardley 4 ) . The chemical science between Winterbourne and Daisy is evident but because of her coquettish attitude he feels like it s merely a game to her. Although he is an American, he has the European attitude and shows his ego to Daisy. This shows the two un iverses that collided ; Daisy the American and Winterbourne the European. The scene for the narrative takes topographic point in Europe. The state is known for its well educated citizens, gustatory sensation for all right art and regard for societal societies. Daisy wants to see in Europe ( Deakin 5 ) . She is amazed at the life styles of the high category society and is taken off by the historical edifices and the people. It makes her experience like she is of import because she is able to see such a one time in a lifetime chance. The civilization is crude and refined in a developed gustatory sensation ( Scheiber 3 ) . The ambiance in Europe is cool and composure. Merely the fanciest and most expensive are for the European society. Many of the people in Europe have parties where people are to dress up in some of their finest apparels and come to garner. At these parties, many merely stand around speaking among each other while they listen to music and have a few drinks. Many of the people who attend this parties are considered to be high category or r ich folks. Daisy attends many of this parties but is frequently ill-mannered because she either leaves early to roll the streets with other gentleman or she spends all her clip speaking to people who are non considered to be reasonably of import. There are many symbols that describe the guiltless nature of Daisy. One symbol is when Daisy and Winterbourne foremost meet in the Hotel garden. As they are speaking, the Sun is beaming down on her caput. The sunlight beaming on her symbolizes Daisy as a pure guiltless immature adult female. When Daisy and Winterbourne meet, as she is standing entirely have oning a graphic white frock. Her frock and hat typify how pure Daisy truly is. She does nt recognize her failure to deliver him, Her expulsion from Eden ( Childress 2 ) . This foreshadows a loss of pureness and artlessness. The manner people view her is impure and guiltless because she has intimate gentleman friends. Although all she is making is speaking to them, still many of the Europeans view her as moving in a disgraceful manner. This led the Europeans to believe that caused her decease was eventful because she was out in the streets with so many work forces. They presumed that Daisy was wholly responsible for her ain decea se because she was moving so foolhardy. Europeans thought that if Daisy would hold acted with category and shown more regard for herself and others she would hold neer been out so tardily in the eventides. On the other manus, Daisy s decease was considered to others as being a coincident that could hold happen to anyone. There were several different unwellnesss distributing throughout Europe. There were no given facts that because Daisy was out so late that was the cause of her decease. After Daisy becomes badly, Winterbourne begins to recognize how pure she really is. He begins to experience sorry for the manner he and others viewed and judged her. The sad fact is that like many of the Europeans who judged Daisy, we all tend to look at others based on their actions and the manner we portray them.

Bullying and Social Deviance Essays

Bullying and Social Deviance Essays Bullying and Social Deviance Essay Bullying and Social Deviance Essay Essay Topic: Cyber Bullying The subject I have chosen resonates with me personally as I have experienced it at first hand. I besides think it is a subject that many can associate excessively. I know a batch of people have either been bullied. been the bully or witnessed it themselves. I have chosen intimidation and how it is a societal aberrance. Bullying cane be defined as the usage of power and aggression to do hurt or control another. Strong-arming itself manifest in all ages. from kids in grade school all the manner through grownup goon. I have seen it and the effects of it. no good comes from strong-arming. I besides know that while yes it can stem from some kind of favoritism it does non ever aim a certain race. sexual orientation or gender. Bullying has a immense spectrum ; those antecedently listed can be grounds why but so can your societal position. civilization or even the trade name of vesture you wear. Most of these grounds are out of anyone’s manus. people are normally born into these fortunes no 1 chooses to be a individual of colour nor do they take their gender. contrary to what some believe. I believe personally that intimidation is the worst as you are traveling through school. You are still seeking to calculate out who you are and that last thing you need is person seeking to state you that. Besides. strong-arming today is far different because now we have the cyber kingdom to see. Everything from shopping to pass oning to people abroad can be done via the web and societal media unluckily plays a important function in our lives. Now with that said. you can literally be bullied from the comfort of your ain place which should be a safe zone. You can be a mark for many grounds. organic structure image. gender and the list goes on but the inquiry is how do we halt it? How do we forestall kids from cyber intimidation? What should the penalty of this be. if any? Throughout the class we learned how different theories and positions better help us research and specify the different aberrances that people demonstrate. One of those theories that goes manus and manus with intimidation is the labeling theory and that is for obvious grounds. The labeling theory is a theory in which the regulation devising and the reactions to the regulations that are being broken ( Goode. 2011. pg. 52 ) . The manner this correlates to intimidation is fundamentally with every action there is a clear and opposite reaction. An illustration of this would be person is bullied twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out now they want to either hurt themselves to get away the torture or the victim wants retaliation. So now we have a reaction to the action which is the intimidation. Therefore it has a snow ball consequence of another aberrant behaviour because personal injury to either party is involved. Harmonizing to the article by Douglas Vanderbilt and Marilyn Augustyn there are a overplus of effects from being bullied. Bullying is in fact a major job for kids. There are chiseled hazard factors for intimidation that are single and societal. Beyond the immediate injury of sing strong-arming. victims are at high hazard of the ulterior physical and emotional disorders ( Vanderbilt A ; Augustyn. 2010 ) . There are multiple regulations that are broken when it comes to strong-arming. basic human rights are violated. and favoritism may even take topographic point among many issues. Strong-arming leaves important injury on people as stated from the article this is both physical and emotional. The issues that can originate from this are critical and forestalling intimidation is the key. As stated in the article every bit good. there are marks of intimidation by both the bully and the victim. Acknowledging them could be immense in protecting person and possible acquiring the toughs themse lves help every bit good. As we transition into the subject of intimidation and victimization the College of Family Physicians of Canada published an first-class article to reexamine the epidemiology. designation. and direction of intimidation and victimization among people in their primary scene. This article presents a reappraisal of intimidation and associated symptoms. a tool for measuring strong-arming engagement. and an overview of intercession and direction. With an increased consciousness and apprehension of strong-arming as a wellness job. doctors can play an instrumental function in placing people involved in intimidation and supplying them with the support needed to develop healthy relationships ( Lamb. Pepler. A ; Craig. 2009 ) If we have kids that are targeted early on in life this could hold long term effects on them so it is important they get the aid needed to develop healthy relationships. By making so we will be puting people up for success which is merely just since they were cheated from it. Although non everyone that is bullied will necessitate assist it all varies on the individual themselves and the extent of the intimidation that took topographic point. By using the labeling theory we can see how such basic regulations are broken. but what is broken is besides fixable. The job needs to be addressed in order to make that. The following theory will be the functionalist theory. Functionalism adopts a consensus paradigm: Harmony is the regulation. and a break of that harmoniousness calls for stairss to restore peace and repose. ( Goode. 2011. pg. 58 ) We can analyze what made the single become a bully. This could hold stemmed from a dysfunctional household life. possibly this individual saw their parent be bullied by the other. or a parent ( s ) bullies the kids. There is a good opportunity that bullies themselves face a confusion of issues at place that cause internal hurting and choler. as a consequence they attack others. Once we have identified this disfunction and acknowledge that there is a job we can so repair it. I believe that nine times out of 10 person doesn’t wake up and go a bully. they are taught it. Peoples are non born hating. it is something that is taught. and this peculiar wont is likely picked up at place unluckily. It has a ripple consequence. this wont is picked up at place and brought to school or the work topographic point and so on as so forth. ( Swearer. Espelage. Vaillancourt. A ; Hymel. 2010 ) This article addresses what can be done one time intimidation has occurred which is really of import. Strong-arming sometimes is non preventable and it can go on but the of import thing is one time it does what is done to rectify the issue. Making a safe work topographic point and acquisition environment is critical. Besides. saying in any clauses or work environment regulations that intimidation is non and will be tolerated. Peoples should experience safe when they are either at school or work. no 1 should hold to experience uncomfortable because this atrociousness is tolerated. This besides covers how a individual is non born a bully but created. This is a erudite behaviour. it is taught to feed on the weak and defenseless because they make easy marks. It is all a portion of the theory of strong-arming. Choose person that you know won’t put up a battle this in bend makes you experience better about yourself. superior about. If this happens in a school the kid could be threatened with detainment or even suspension. The work topographic point can hold a similar type of penalty. suspension without wage is normally adequate to halt person for being a bully. Last. the struggle theory will assist me farther explore the issue of strong-arming. In contrast to functionalism. the struggle theory sees groups with viing and colliding interesting. they see battles between and among classs. sectors. groups. an d categories in the society. with victors and also-rans ensuing from the result of these struggles ( Goode. 2011 pg. 58 ) . The struggle theory is likely one of the strongest out of the three to better place this issue. With the cyber realm playing such a polar function in our day-to-day modus operandi intimidation has become basically easier to make ( Sabella. Patchin. A ; Hinduja. 2013 ) . A individual can literally be bullied from their ain place. so where is the safe zone? Cyber intimidation is so much easier with all the societal media. Unfortunately this is the society we live in with smart phones and computing machines governing our societal life. The viing and clashing of people assailing one another is simple. The sad portion is aliens can leap upon the intimidation bandwagon and the following thing this victim knows they have tonss of people assailing them alternatively of one. Once this happens the victim can endure enormously. Not merely are they being attacked at school or work but at place and it is distributing like wild fire. This has a immense consequence on the victim’s self-este em and as antecedently discussed this could hold long term harmful effects on them. Previous research on traditional intimidation among striplings has found a comparatively consistent nexus between victimization and lower self-pride. while happening an inconsistent relationship between piquing and lower self-esteem ( Patchin A ; Hinduja. 2010 ) This is why it is of import to cognize what intimidation is. how to halt it and one time person has been victimized how to acquire them proper aid. Throughout this class we learned a figure of ways to place different aberrances. We learned out to categorise them and better research them by utilizing different constructs and theories. By using the labeling. functionalist. and conflict theory I was better equipped to research intimidation and link it as a societal aberrance. Once that was established the research articles supported the thesis. Bullying is an atrocious job that causes far more harm than good and can take to many jobs down the route. While it is an unfortunate issue it is preventable and non a lasting job. It is of import that people feel and are non victimized one time they seek aid. I know at first hand that strong-arming can make long term jobs but with the right aid and assistance it can besides be stopped. It stops with people taking base and contending for the 1s t hat can non contend for themselves. Again. people are non born hating and being barbarous it is taught so if they are taught to detest they can larn how to be sort. Mentions: Sabella. R. A. . Patchin. J. W. . A ; Hinduja. S. ( 2013 ) . Cyberbullying myths and worlds. Computers in Human Behavior. 29 ( 6 ) . 2703-2711. Vanderbilt. D. ( 2010 ) . The Effects of Bullying. Pediatricss and Child Health. 315-320. Lamb. J. . Pepler. D. J. Craig. W. ( 2009 ) . Can Fam Physician. Apr 2009 ; 55 ( 4 ) : 356–360. Swearer. S. M. Espelage. D. L. . Vaillancour. T. . Hymel. S. ( 2010 ) What Can Be Done About School Bullying? . Eduational Researcher. pg 38-47 Patchin JW. Hinduja S. Cyberbullying and self-esteem. J Sch Health. 2010 ; 80: 614-621 Goode. E. ( 2011 ) . Aberrant Behavior ( 9th ed. ) . Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Inc.